Syria was inhabited by the pre - historic man, he left his traces in many sites near the Syrian Rivers, some of them date back to 1 million years.
Syria suffered from many invasions and occupations like all the Middle east countries.
Some of the Syrian Civilizations were:
Akkad, Amorit, Phoenician, Assyrian, Babylonian, Aramaic, Keldan, Arab Islamic.
The most famous Syrian Kingdoms were:
Mary, Palmyra, Ebla, Amrit, Ugarit, Arwad, Aleppo & Damascus.

THE  RELIGIONS:
The religions were free on this land, Doura Europos was a documentary proof on that. Fourteen different Temples were erected there in addition to a church and Jewish Synagogue which date back to 256 A.D.

Many Churches, Convents and Monasteries were built in Syria at the beginning of Christianity i.e., St. Takla Convent and St. Sergius Monastery in Maaloula, Qalb Lozeh Church, and St. Simeon Basilica near Aleppo, the Straight Street, St. Ananias Chapel, St. Paul Window in Damascus and many ancient Monasteries in Resafa, Sergiopolis, Bosra and Qanawat.

Many Mosques and Qoraan Schools (Madrassa) were eastablished and built at the early days of Islam.

SYRIA IN THE SCHOLARS EYES:
Many scholars praised Syria.
Philip Hitti said: “the scholars consider Syria the teacher for the human characteristics”.

Andre Parrot said: “Each civilized person in the world should admit that he has two home countries, his own country and Syria”.
The German Openhimer said: “Syria is the archeologists paradise”.

In the (9th) Millenium man settled in a house, farmed his land and traded with his neighbours.
He invented special marks for his business to identify the goods and their numbers, i.e., a special mud shape was invented for each number, and another shape was invented for each item.

Then he invented the cuneiform writing that had wedge of an object, representing a word, syllable or sound, It developed into phonetic Alphabet.

The Syrian and the Mesopotamia cuneiform writing appeared almost in one time.

Syria offered the world two Phoenician Alphabets:
The first was Ugarit Cuneiform, dates back to 14 century B.C, in a small piece of clay was found in Ugarit royal palace. The whole alphabet was written in the familiar order we use today, A.B,C... 
It was a sample for the students to imitate it.

The other alphabet was invented in Byblos which was a special letter for each sound, dating back to 13 century B.C.
Ugarit Alphabet was 100 years in advance.

The Ugarit language is being taught in 40 Universities all over the world.

The state:
On the Syrian and Mesopotamian lands, Amorits Kingdom was established as the first state in history with its rules and laws.

THE ARTS, PHILISOPHY AND MATHEMATICS:
The most ancient Frescoes and Sculptures, Philosophy and Mythology, Religions and Theories started in this part of the world. They had put the mathematical rules and the scale weights.

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IN FEW WORDS SYRIA IS THE PEARL OF ORIENT...

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